What Topics Are Covered by Microsoft AZ-400?
The skills and knowledge that you need for AZ-400 can be gained by mastering the exam topics that the applicants have to cover for passing such a certification test. They include the following:
- Creation of Strategies for Instrumentation;
- Creation of Security & Compliance Plan;
- Configuration of Continuous Delivery and Release Management Strategy;
- Describing and Executing Continuous Integration;
- Proficiency in Managing Source Control;
- Developing an SRE Strategy;
- Facilitating Communication & Collaboration.
These seven domains target to enhance a student's skills as a DevOps engineer. The first one is dedicated to the creation of strategies targeting instrumentation. Abilities to develop here include creating and executing logging and telemetry as well as integrating solutions for monitoring & logging. Thus, you have to be knowledgeable about CPU, Visual Studio App Center, Google Analytics, and Azure Monitor Application Insights.
The next objective covers the management of source control. A candidate's proficiency should reach high levels in the creation of a technique for present-day source control, planning and executing techniques for branching targeting the source code, configuring repositories, and integrating tools for source control. The knowledge of code reviews, Pull Requests, and GitHub will also be of immense help.
The third assessed portion takes cognizance of the fact that DevOps engineers need to know how to design a strategy directed at SRE (Site Reliability Engineering). This means that their studies should focus on creating an alerting strategy that is actionable, developing a strategy for predicting failure, and creating and executing a focused health check.
The fourth to include in the Microsoft AZ-400 exam is the topic targeting a strategy for continuous delivery and managing release. In this, candidates should establish themselves in the area of designing scripts as well as templates for deployment, executing an automation solution for orchestration, and planning an environment strategy for deployment.
The part that follows focuses on ensuring that there is a plan in place that provides security in addition to compliance. Targeted abilities include building a strategy for authentication and authorization, building a strategy for managing sensitive information, and developing security as well as compliance. Another area involves designing enforcement plans for governance.
For the sixth domain concentrated on describing and executing continuous integration, students get skills in designing automation for the build, developing a strategy for package management, and creating a strategy for managing application architecture. To study as well is how to execute strategies for the build and maintaining it, and creating a process that ensures builds are standardized across organizations.
The seventh and the final section for this AZ-400 test concerns facilitating collaboration and communication. The emphasis is on ensuring communication with stakeholders about information for positioning and release, generating process documentation for DevOps, and automating team member communication.
Reference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/certifications/exams/az-400/
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MICROSOFT AZ-400 Exam Reference, and Microsoft Documents
Microsoft AZ-400 Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Topic | Details | Weights |
|---|
| Develop a security and compliance plan | - Design an authentication and authorization strategy- design an access solution (Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (PIM), Azure AD Conditional Access, MFA, Azure AD B2B, etc.)
- implement Service Principals and Managed Identity
- design an application access solution using Azure AD B2C
- configure service connections
- Design a sensitive information management strategy
- evaluate and configure vault solution (Azure Key Vault, Hashicorp Vault)
- manage security certificates
- design a secrets storage and retrieval strategy (KeyVault secrets, GitHub secrets, Azure Pipelines secrets)
- formulate a plan for deploying secret files as part of a release
- Develop security and compliance
- automate dependencies scanning for security (container scanning, OWASP)
- automate dependencies scanning for compliance (licenses: MIT, GPL)
- assess and report risks
- design a source code compliance solution (e.g., GitHub Code scanning, GitHub Secretscanning, pipeline-based scans, Git hooks, SonarQube, Dependabot,etc.)
- Design governance enforcement mechanisms - implement Azure policies to enforce organizational requirements
- implement container scanning (e.g., static scanning, malware, crypto mining)
- design and implement Azure Container Registry Tasks
- design break-the-glass strategy for responding to security incidents
| 10-15% |
| Manage source control | - Develop a modern source control strategy- integrate/migrate disparate source control systems (e.g., GitHub, Azure Repos)
- design authentication strategies
- design approach for managing large binary files (e.g., Git LFS)
- design approach for cross repository sharing (e.g., Git sub-modules, packages)
- implement workflow hooks
- design approach for efficient code reviews (e.g., GitHub code review assignments, schedule reminders, Pull Analytics)
- Plan and implement branching strategies for the source code - define Pull Requests (PR) guidelines to enforce work item correlation
- implement branch merging restrictions (e.g., branch policies, branch protections, manual, etc.)
- define branch strategy (e.g., trunk based, feature branch, release branch, GitHub flow)
- design and implement a PR workflow (code reviews, approvals)
- enforce static code analysis for code-quality consistency on PR
- Configure repositories- configure permissions in the source control repository
- organize the repository with git-tags
- plan for handling oversized repositories
- plan for content recovery in all repository states
- purge data from source control
- Integrate source control with tools - integrate GitHub with DevOps pipelines
- integrate GitHub with identity management solutions (Azure AD)
- design for GitOps
- design for ChatOps
- integrate source control artifacts for human consumption (e.g., Git changelog)
- integrate GitHub Codespaces
| 10-15% |
| Develop a Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) strategy | - Develop an actionable alerting strategy- identify and recommend metrics on which to base alerts
- implement alerts using appropriate metrics
- implement alerts based on appropriate log messages
- implement alerts based on application health checks
- analyze combinations of metrics
- develop communication mechanism to notify users of degraded systems
- implement alerts for self-healing activities (e.g., scaling, failovers)
- Design a failure prediction strategy- analyze behavior of system with regards to load and failure conditions
- calculate when a system will fail under various conditions
- measure baseline metrics for system
- Leverage Application Insights Smart Detection and Dynamic thresholds in Azure Monitor
- Design and implement a health check- analyze system dependencies to determine which dependency should be included in health check
- calculate healthy response timeouts based on SLO for the service
- design approach for partial health situations
- design approach for piecemeal recovery (e.g., to improve recovery time objective strategies)
- integrate health check with compute environment
- implement different types of health checks (container liveness, startup, shutdown)
| 5-10% |
| Facilitate communication and collaboration | - Communicate deployment and release information with business stakeholders- create dashboards combining boards, pipelines (custom dashboards on Azure DevOps)
- design a cost management communication strategy
- integrate release pipeline with work item tracking (e.g., AZ DevOps, Jira, ServiceNow)
- integrate GitHub as repository with Azure Boards
- communicate user analytics
- Generate DevOps process documentation - design onboarding process for new employees
- assess and document external dependencies (e.g., integrations, packages)
- assess and document artifacts (version, release notes)
- Automate communication with team members - integrate monitoring tools with communication platforms (e.g., Teams, Slack, dashboards)
- notify stakeholders about key metrics, alerts, severity using communication and project management platforms (e.g., Email, SMS, Slack, Teams, ServiceNow, etc.)
- integrate build and release with communication platforms (e.g., build fails, release fails)
- integrate GitHub pull request approvals via mobile apps
| 10-15% |
| Develop an Instrumentation Strategy | - Design and implement logging- assess and Configure a log framework
- design a log aggregation and storage strategy (e.g., Azure storage)
- design a log aggregation and query strategy (e.g., Azure Monitor, Splunk)
- manage access control to logs (workspace-centric/resource-centric)
- integrate crash analytics (App Center Crashes, Crashlytics)
- Design and implement telemetry- design and implement distributed tracing
- inspect application performance indicators
- inspect infrastructure performance indicators
- define and measure key metrics (CPU, memory, disk, network)
- implement alerts on key metrics (email, SMS, webhooks, Teams/Slack)
- integrate user analytics (e.g., Application Insights funnels, Visual Studio App Center, TestFlight, Google Analytics)
- Integrate logging and monitoring solutions- configure and integrate container monitoring (Azure Monitor, Prometheus, etc.)
- configure and integrate with monitoring tools (Azure Monitor Application Insights, Dynatrace, New Relic, Naggios, Zabbix)
- create feedback loop from platform monitoring tools (e.g., Azure Diagnostics extension, Log Analytics agent, Azure Platform Logs, Event Grid)
- manage Access control to the monitoring platform
| 5-10% |
| Define and implement continuous integration | - Design build automation- integrate the build pipeline with external tools (e.g., Dependency and security scanning, Code coverage)
- implement quality gates (e.g., code coverage, internationalization, peer review)
- design a testing strategy (e.g., integration, load, fuzz, API, chaos)
- integrate multiple tools (e.g., GitHub Actions, Azure Pipeline, Jenkins)
- Design a package management strategy - recommend package management tools (e.g., GitHub Packages, Azure Artifacts, Azure Automation Runbooks Gallery, Nuget, Jfrog, Artifactory)
- design an Azure Artifacts implementation including linked feeds
- design versioning strategy for code assets (e.g., SemVer, date based)
- plan for assessing and updating and reporting package dependencies (GitHub Automated Security Updates, NuKeeper, GreenKeeper)
- design a versioning strategy for packages (e.g., SemVer, date based)
- design a versioning strategy for deployment artifacts
- Design an application infrastructure management strategy- assess a configuration management mechanism for application infrastructure
- define and enforce desired state configuration for environments
- Implement a build strategy - design and implement build agent infrastructure (include cost, tool selection, licenses, maintainability)
- develop and implement build trigger rules
- develop build pipelines
- design build orchestration (products that are composed of multiple builds)
- integrate configuration into build process
- develop complex build scenarios (e.g., containerized agents, hybrid, GPU)
- Maintain build strategy - monitor pipeline health (failure rate, duration, flaky tests)
- optimize build (cost, time, performance, reliability)
- analyze CI load to determine build agent configuration and capacity
- Design a process for standardizing builds across organization - manage self-hosted build agents (VM templates, containerization, etc.)
- create reuseable build subsystems (YAML templates, Task Groups, Variable Groups, etc.)
| 20-25% |
| Define and implement a continuous delivery and release management strategy | - Develop deployment scripts and templates- recommend a deployment solution (e.g., GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Jenkins, CircleCI, etc.)
- design and implement Infrastructure as code (ARM, Terraform, PowerShell, CLI)
- develop application deployment process (container, binary, scripts)
- develop database deployment process (migrations, data movement, ETL)
- integrate configuration management as part of the release process
- develop complex deployments (IoT, Azure IoT Edge, mobile, App Center, DR, multi-region, CDN, sovereign cloud, Azure Stack, etc.)
- Implement an orchestration automation solution- combine release targets depending on release deliverable (e.g., Infrastructure, code,assets, etc.)
- design the release pipeline to ensure reliable order of dependency deployments
- organize shared release configurations and process (YAML templates, variable groups, Azure App Configuration)
- design and implement release gates and approval processes
- Plan the deployment environment strategy
- design a release strategy (blue/green, canary, ring)
- implement the release strategy (using deployment slots, load balancer configurations, Azure Traffic Manager, feature toggle, etc.)
- select the appropriate desired state solution for a deployment environment (PowerShell DSC, Chef, Puppet, etc.)
- plan for minimizing downtime during deployments (VIP Swap, Load balancer, rolling deployments, etc.)
- design a hotfix path plan for responding to high priority code fixes
| 10-15% |
Microsoft AZ-400日本語 Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Section | Objectives |
|---|
| Implement an instrumentation strategy (10-15%) | - Analyze metrics
- 1. Analyze and interpret metrics
- Configure monitoring for a DevOps environment
- 1. Configure monitoring
- 2. Configure logging
|
| Develop a security and compliance plan (10-15%) | - Configure Azure DevOps or GitHub permissions and access
- 1. Configure and manage permissions
- 2. Configure and manage access
- Design and implement a strategy for managing sensitive information in automation
- 1. Implement and manage certificates
- 2. Implement and manage secrets
- Implement and manage pipelines security
- 1. Implement security and compliance
- 2. Design a security and compliance strategy
|
| Design and implement source control (15-20%) | - Design and implement a source control strategy
- 1. Design a source control strategy
- 2. Implement and manage repositories
- Configure and manage repositories
- 1. Configure permissions
- 2. Configure tags
- Plan and implement branching strategies for the source code
- 1. Implement branch policies
- 2. Design a branch strategy
|
| Design and implement build and release pipelines (50-55%) | - Design and implement a package management strategy
- 1. Design a package management strategy
- 2. Implement a package management strategy
- Design and implement pipelines
- 1. Design a pipeline strategy
- 2. Implement pipelines
- Design and implement deployments
- 1. Design a deployment strategy
- 2. Implement deployments
- Design and implement a testing strategy for pipelines
- 1. Design a testing strategy
- 2. Implement a testing strategy
- Manage configuration for pipelines
- 1. Design a configuration management strategy
- 2. Implement configuration management
- Implement infrastructure as code (IaC)
- 1. Design an IaC strategy
- 2. Implement IaC
|
| Configure processes and communications (10-15%) | - Configure activity traceability and flow of work
- 1. Plan and implement a structure for the flow of work
- 2. Configure activity traceability
- Configure collaboration and communication
- 1. Configure communication between teams
- 2. Configure document collaboration
|
