WLAN Medium Access (10%) – In the framework of this objective, the examinees must develop competence in the following technical areas:
- Analyze QoS operations and configuration. This covers the skills in authenticating QoS parameters within capture files and ensuring that QoS is implemented end-to-end.
- Demonstrate the in-depth knowledge of the 802.11 contention algorithms and understand how these impact WLANs. The subtopics include Distributed Coordination Function, Wi-Fi Multimedia, and Enhanced Distributed Channel Access;
Recommended Training
To help its candidates easily pass the exam, CWNP offers the official study material, CWAP-403 eLearning. This is an all-inclusive preparation tool that’s available for $799.99. The full kit contains comprehensive resources, including the following:
- 8 chapters including pre and post-chapter quizzes
- Free access to the CWAP eLearning course
- Broad coverage of the CWAP-403 exam objectives
It should be stated that the basic requirements for using it include having the Mac OS X or Windows OS together with Firefox or Internet Explorer. However, this kit never includes updates or new exam versions, vouchers, and practice questions. If you want the sample questions and the voucher to be part of the bundle, you can buy such a kit from CWNP for $1124.99.
Reference: https://www.cwnp.com/certifications/cwap
CWNP CWAP-403 Exam Topics:
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
Protocol Analysis - 15% | |
| Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods and locations | - Install monitor mode drivers |
| Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions | - Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets - Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets - Configure and display columns for analysis purposes - View frame and packet decodes and understand the information shown and apply it to the analysis process - Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels - Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures - View and use captures statistical information for analysis - Use expert mode for analysis - View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis |
| Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools | - Save to disk - Packet slicing - Event triggers - Buffer options - Channels and channel widths - Capture filters - Channel scanning and dwell time |
| Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for the purposes of analysis and troubleshooting | - WLAN scanners and discovery tools - Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools - Centralized monitoring, alerting and forensic tools |
| Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types | - Define the problem - Determine the scale of the problem - Identify probably causes - Capture and analyze the data - Observe the problem - Choose appropriate remediation steps - Document the problem and resolution |
Spectrum Analysis - 15% | |
| Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers | - Install, configure and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions - Understand and use spectrum analyzer views
|
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues | - Determine the RF noise floor in an environment - Determine Signal-to-Noise Ration (SNR) for a given signal - Locate and identify sources of RF interference - Identify RF channel utilization - Analyze a non-Wi-Fi transmitter and its impact on WLAN communications - Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference - Poor performing or faulty radios |
| Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures | - Identify frequency hopping devices
- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures
|
| Centralized spectrum analysis solutions | - AP-based spectrum analysis |
PHY Layers and Technologies - 10% | |
| Understand and describe the functions and the PLCP and PMD sublayers | |
| Apply the understanding of PHY technologies (including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation and data rates) to captured data | - DSSS |
| Identify and use PHY information provided in pseudo-headers within protocol analyzers | - Pseudo-header formats
- Signal strength |
| Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers in capturing PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers | |
| Use appropriate capture devices based on an understanding of PHY types | - Supported PHYs - Supported spatial streams - Short Guard Interval (SGI) |
MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25% | |
| Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation | |
| Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis | - Management, control, and data frames
- 802.11 Management Frame Formats
- Data and QoS Data Frame Formats
|
| Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis | - Country code - Minimum basic rate - Supported rates - Beacon intervals - WMM settings - RSN settings - HT and VHT operations - Channel width - Primary channel - Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs |
| Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames | |
WLAN Medium Access - 10% | |
| Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs | - Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
- Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)
- Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
|
| Analyze QoS configuration and operations | - Verify QoS parameters in capture files - Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end |
802.11 Frame Exchanges - 25% | |
| Capture, understand, and analyze BSS discovery and joining frame exchanges | - BSS discovery |
| Analyze roaming behavior and resolve problems related to roaming | - Sticky clients - Excessive roaming - Channel aggregation for roaming analysis |
| Analyze data frame exchanges | - Data frames and acknowledgement frames - RTS/CTS data frame exchanges - QoS data frame exchanges - Block Acknowledgement exchanges |
| Analyze HT/VHT-specific transmission methods | - MIMO - Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) - MU-MIMO - Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU) |
| Analyze behavior and resolve problems related to MAC layer operations | - Power Save operations - Protection mechanisms - Load balancing - Band Steering |
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